Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on aversive memories and anxiety: a review from human studies

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may stem from the formation of aberrant and enduring aversive memories. Some PTSD patients have recreationally used Cannabis, probably aiming at relieving their symptomatology. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how Cannabis or its psychotomimetic compound Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) attenuates the aversive/traumatic memory outcomes. Here, we seek to review and discuss the effects of THC on aversive memory extinction and anxiety in healthy humans and PTSD patients.

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Endocannabinoids, Cannabinoids and the Regulation of Anxiety

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Cannabis has been used for hundreds of years, with its ability to dampen feelings of anxiety often reported as a primary reason for use. Only recently has the specific role cannabinoids play in anxiety been thoroughly investigated. Here we discuss the body of evidence describing how endocannabinoids and exogenous cannabinoids are capable of regulating the generation and termination of anxiety states.

Objective: To determine the short-term effects of smoked marijuana on the viral load in HIV-infected patients.

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FURTHER EVIDENCE OF ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR FOR TOTAL GENETIC ABLATION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTOR TYPE 1

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Authors: Delia Soriano, Alicia Brusco, Laura Caltana Published in Behavioural Brain Research November 2020 Abstract Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) is the most abundant cannabinoid receptor in central nervous system. Clinical studies and animal models have shown that the attenuation of endocannabinoid system signaling correlates with the development of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression…

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Treatment of social anxiety disorder and attenuated psychotic symptoms with cannabidiol

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Authors: Maximus Berger, Emily Li, Günter Paul Amminger Published in BMJ Case Reports CP 2020 Abstract Anxiety disorders in young people are frequently comorbid with other mental disorders and respond unsatisfactorily to first-line treatment in many cases. Here, we report the case of a 20-year-old man with severe social anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, insomnia…

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A single dose of cannabidiol modulates medial temporal and striatal function during fear processing in people at clinical high risk for psychosis

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Authors: Cathy Davies, Robin Wilson, Elizabeth Appiah-Kusi, Grace Blest-Hopley, Michael Brammer, Jesus Perez, Robin M Murray, Paul Allen, Matthijs G Bossong, Philip McGuire, Sagnik Bhattacharyya Published in Translational Psychiatry September 2020 Abstract Emotional dysregulation and anxiety are common in people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and are associated with altered neural responses to…

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Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Doses are Associated with Adult ADHD Status of Medical Cannabis Patients

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Authors: Jeffrey Y. Hergenrather, Joshua Aviram, Yelena Vysotski, Salvatore Campisi-Pinto, Gil M. Lewitus, David Meiri Published in Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal January 2020 Abstract Objective The aim of this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was to identify associations between the doses of cannabinoids and terpenes administered, and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Participants were adult patients…

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Possible therapeutic applications of cannabis in the neuropsychopharmacology field.

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Authors: Javier Fernández-Ruiz, Ismael Galve-Roperh, Onintza Sagredo, Manuel Guzmán
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 10 February 2020
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Cannabis use induces a plethora of actions on the CNS via its active chemical ingredients, the so-called phytocannabinoids. These compounds have been frequently associated with the intoxicating properties of cannabis preparations. However, not all phytocannabinoids are psychot…

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Central anandamide deficiency predicts stress-induced anxiety: behavioral reversal through endocannabinoid augmentation.

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Authors: R J Bluett, J C Gamble-George, D J Hermanson, N D Hartley, L J Marnett, S Patel
Translational Psychiatry, 8 July 2014
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Stress is a major risk factor for the development of mood and anxiety disorders; elucidation of novel approaches to mitigate the deleterious effects of stress could have broad clinical applications. Pharmacological augmentation of central endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) signaling…

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The endocannabinoid system as a possible target to treat both the cognitive and emotional features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder of significant prevalence and morbidity, whose pathogenesis relies on paradoxical changes of emotional memory processing. An ideal treatment would be a drug able to block the pathological over-consolidation and continuous retrieval of the traumatic event, while enhancing its extinction and reducing the anxiety symptoms.

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Mitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: a review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence.

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Authors: Torsten Passie, Hinderk M. Emrich, Matthias Karst, Simon D. Brandt, John H. Halpern
Drug Testing and Analysis, July-August 2012
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It is known from clinical studies that some patients attempt to cope with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by using recreational drugs. This review presents a case report of a 19-year-old male patient with a spectrum of severe PTSD symptoms, such as intens…

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Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug.

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Authors: Alexandre Rafael de Mello Schier, Natalia Pinho de Oliveira Ribeiro, et al
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, June 2012
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OBJECTIVES: To review and describe studies of the non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), as an anxiolytic drug and discuss its possible mechanisms of action. METHOD:
The articles selected for the review were identified through searches in Englis…

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Cannabinoid-related agents in the treatment of anxiety disorders: current knowledge and future perspectives.

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Authors: Simone Tambaro, Marco Bortolato
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery, 1 April 2012
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Rich evidence has shown that cannabis products exert a broad gamut of effects on emotional regulation. The main psychoactive ingredient of hemp, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its synthetic cannabinoid analogs have been reported to either attenuate or exacerbate anxiety an…

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