Cannabinoids have gained attention for their potential therapeutic effects in various fields, including pain control, augmenting fusion, neuroprotection, wound healing, inflammation, mental health, and clinical outcomes/complications. We explore the history and mechanism of action of cannabinoids, as well as their role in each of these areas. By examining existing research, the potential benefits and limitations of incorporating cannabinoids into spine non-operative and operative protocols are highlighted. Ultimately, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of cannabinoids as a viable option for optimizing patient outcomes in the context of spine surgery.