If cannabis caused schizophrenia–how many cannabis users may need to be prevented in order to prevent one case of schizophrenia? England and Wales calculations.

Authors: Matt Hickman, Peter Vickerman, John Macleod, Glyn Lewis, Stan Zammit, et al
Addiction, November 2009

BACKGROUND: We consider how many cannabis users may need to be prevented in order to prevent one case of schizophrenia or psychosis [defined as number needed to prevent (NNP)]. METHOD: Calculation for England and Wales using best available estimates of: incidence of schizophre…

Assessing the impact of cannabis use on trends in diagnosed schizophrenia in the United Kingdom from 1996 to 2005.

Authors: Martin Frisher, Ilana Crome, Orsolina Martino, Peter Croft
Schizophrenia Research, September 2009

A recent systematic review concluded that cannabis use increases risk of psychotic outcomes independently of confounding and transient intoxication effects. Furthermore, a model of the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia indicated that the incidence and prevalen…

Synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) can improve the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Authors: Glenn Schwarcz, Basawaraj Karajgi, Richard McCarthy
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, June 2009

We are reporting improvement of symptoms of schizophrenia in a small group of patients who received the cannabinoid agonist dronabinol (synthetic Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). Before this report, cannabinoids had usually been associated with worsening of psychotic symptoms. I…

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action.

Authors: Antonio Waldo Zuardi
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, September 2008

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to describe the historical development of research on cannabidiol. METHOD: This review was carried out on reports drawn from Medline, Web of Science and SciELO. DISCUSSION: After the elucidation of the chemical structure of cannabidiol in 1…

Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug.

Authors: A.W. Zuardi, J.A.S. Crippa, J.E.C. Hallak, F.A. Moreira, F.S. Guimarães
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research, April 2006

A high dose of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main Cannabis sativa (cannabis) component, induces anxiety and psychotic-like symptoms in healthy volunteers. These effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are significantly reduced by cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabis constituent whi…

Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study.

Authors: Louise Arseneault, Mary Cannon, Richie Poulton, Robin Murray, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E Moffitt
BMJ, 23 November 2002

The strongest evidence that cannabis use may be a risk factor for later psychosis comes from a Swedish cohort study which found that heavy cannabis use at age 18 increased the risk of later schizophrenia sixfold. This study could not establish whether adolescent cannabis use w…