An Update on Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Data and Relevant Animal Studies.

Authors: Kerstin Iffland, Franjo Grotenhermen
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 1 June 2017

Introduction: This literature survey aims to extend the comprehensive survey performed by Bergamaschi et al. in 2011 on cannabidiol (CBD) safety and side effects. Apart from updating the literature, this article focuses on clinical studies and CBD potential interactions with o…

The use of cannabinoids in animals and therapeutic implications for veterinary medicine: a review.

Authors: Leos Landa, Alexandra Sulcova, P. Gbelec
Veterinarni Medicina, March 2016

Cannabinoids/medical marijuana and their possible therapeutic use have received increased attention in human medicine during the last years. This increased attention is also an issue for veterinarians because particularly companion animal owners now show an increased interest…

Preferential epithelial expression of type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in the developing canine embryo.

Authors: Andrea Pirone, Carla Lenzi, Alessandra Coli, Elisabetta Giannessi, Maria Rita Stornelli, Vincenzo Miragliotta
SpringerPlus, 22 December 2015

The use of cannabinoid receptor agonists is gaining a strong interest both in human and veterinary medicine. The potential use of cannabimimetic compounds in companion animals was reviewed in 2007 for their role in tissue inflammation and pain. A better knowledge of type-1 can…

Alterations of endocannabinoids in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with epileptic seizure disorder.

Authors: Felix K Gesell, Alexander A Zoerner, Christina Brauer, Stefan Engeli, Dimitros Tsikas, Andrea Tipold
BMC Veterinary Research, 26 December 2013

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in dogs characterized by recurrent seizures. The endocannabinoid (EC) system plays a central role in suppressing pathologic neuronal excitability and in controlling the spread of activity in an epile…

Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Authors: Luca Campora, Vincenzo Miragliotta, Emanuele Ricci, Luigia Cristino, Vincenzo Di Marzo, et al
American Journal of Veterinary Research, July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) in skin (including hair follicles and sweat and sebaceous glands) of clinically normal dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to compare results with thos…

Two hundred and thirteen cases of marijuana toxicoses in dogs.

Authors: Pawel Janczyk, Caroline W Donaldson, Sharon M. Gwaltney
Veterinary and Human Toxicology, February 2004

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) is a commonly used recreational drug among humans; animals may be exposed following ingestion or accidental inhalation of smoke. From January 1998 to January 2002, 213 incidences were recorded of dogs that developed clinical signs following oral exp…

Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain

Authors: M Herkenham, A B Lynn, M D Little, M R Johnson, L S Melvin, B R de Costa, K C Rice
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, March 1990

[3H]CP 55,940, a radiolabeled synthetic cannabinoid, which is 10-100 times more potent in vivo than delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, was used to characterize and localize a specific cannabinoid receptor in brain sections. The potencies of a series of natural and synthetic cannabi…

Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol in dogs.

Authors: E Samara, M Bialer, R Mechoulam
Drug Metabolism and Disposition: The Biological Fate of Chemicals, May/June 1988

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major nonpsychoactive cannabinoids produced by Cannabis sativa L. Recent studies have shown that CBD has a high protective index, comparable to that of phenobarbital and phenytoin. Because CBD has been reported to possess both anticonvulsant and…

Pharmacokinetics of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in dogs.

Authors: Edward R. Garrett, Edward R. Garrett, C. Anthony Hunt
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, March 1977

The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered 14C-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and derived radiolabeled metabolites were studied in three dogs at two doses each at 0.1 or 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg. Two dogs were biliary cannulated; total bile was collected in one and sampled in th…

Antitussive activity of some naturally occurring cannabinoids in anesthetized cats.

Authors: Robert Gordon, Robert J.Gordon, R.Duane Sofia
European Journal of Pharmacology, February 1976

Experimental cough was elicited in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats by either electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve or by mechanical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa. Intravenous administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) effectively reduced the ampl…

Antiepileptic and prophylactic effects of tetrahydrocannabinols in amygdaloid kindled cats.

Authors: Juhn A. Wada, Akira Wake, Mitsumoto Sato, Michael E. Corcoran
Epilepsia, September 1975

Acute administration of delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta8-THC) or delta9-THC failed to affect partially developed or fully developed kindled amygdaloid seizures in cats. However, delta9-THC was quite effective in suppressing focal AD in the stimulated amygdala when administe…

Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of cannabis in cat and rat.

Authors: J. D. P. Graham, D. M. F. Li
British Journal of Pharmacology, September 1973

1. In anaesthetized rats, intravenous administration of cannabis extract (10 mg/kg), Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (0.5 mg/kg) and Delta(6)-THC (0.5 mg/kg) caused a reduction in systemic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate.2. Neither cannabinol (1 mg/kg, i.v…