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Association between pre- and perinatal exposures and Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder in the ALSPAC cohort.

Authors: Carol A. Mathews, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Laura L. Miller, Corrie Macdonald-Wallis, et al
British Journal of Psychiatry, January 2014

BACKGROUND: Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder are heritable but aetiologically complex. Although environment plays a role in their development, existing studies of non-genetic risk factors are inconsistent. AIMS:
To examine the association between pre- and perinatal e…

Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy.

Authors: Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh, Vicki J. Flenady, Kristen S. Gibbons, Ann M. Kingsbury, et al
Pediatric Research, February 2012

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the association between cannabis use before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 26.3% of women reported previous use of cannabis and 2.6% reported current use. Multivariate analysis, controlling for potential con…

Assessing the impact of cannabis use on trends in diagnosed schizophrenia in the United Kingdom from 1996 to 2005.

Authors: Martin Frisher, Ilana Crome, Orsolina Martino, Peter Croft
Schizophrenia Research, September 2009

A recent systematic review concluded that cannabis use increases risk of psychotic outcomes independently of confounding and transient intoxication effects. Furthermore, a model of the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia indicated that the incidence and prevalen…

Marijuana use and the risk of lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: results of a population-based case-control study.

Authors: Mia Hashibe, Hal Morgenstern, Yan Cui, Donald P. Tashkin, Zuo-Feng Zhang, et al
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, October 2008

BACKGROUND: Despite several lines of evidence suggesting the biological plausibility of marijuana being carcinogenic, epidemiologic findings are inconsistent. We conducted a population-based case-control study of the association between marijuana use and the risk of lung and u…

Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study.

Authors: Louise Arseneault, Mary Cannon, Richie Poulton, Robin Murray, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E Moffitt
BMJ, 23 November 2002

The strongest evidence that cannabis use may be a risk factor for later psychosis comes from a Swedish cohort study which found that heavy cannabis use at age 18 increased the risk of later schizophrenia sixfold. This study could not establish whether adolescent cannabis use w…

A literature review of the consequences of prenatal marihuana exposure.

Authors: P.A. Fried, A.M. Smith
Neurotoxicology and teratology, January-February 2001

In spite of marihuana being the most widely used illegal drug among women of reproductive age, there is a relative paucity of literature dealing with the neurobehavioral consequences in offspring–particularly the longer-term effects. However, there is a degree of consistency…